The chapter entitled "Animal Health and Welfare in Organic Livestock Production: Current Status and Future Challenges", from the book Advances in Organic Farming, provides up-to-date information on the production, development, health and welfare of organic livestock as well as the potential prospects for sustainability and future development of its production. In particular, animal health and welfare are increasingly important in organic livestock farming due to rising consumer demand for ethically produced food. Current practices emphasize natural living conditions, access to the outdoors and the use of organic feed. However, there are other challenges, such as treating diseases without synthetic drugs and ensuring sufficient space and exercise. Future developments are likely to focus on expanded breeding programmes aimed at improving disease resistance, as well as welfare. There is an increasing focus on developing sustainable, natural treatments and preventative measures for common animal diseases. It is expected that policymakers and certification bodies will refine standards to ensure continuous improvements in animal welfare in line with evolving scientific knowledge and society’s expectations.